Preheat oven: Turn oven to 350°F. Let it heat for 10 minutes. Make sure your oven rack is in the center position. This ensures even baking.
Prepare the baking dish: Get a 9x13-inch baking dish (glass or metal, doesn't matter). No greasing needed—the butter and peach syrup prevent sticking.
Add peaches with syrup: Open both cans of sliced peaches. Pour them—including ALL the syrup—into the baking dish. Don't drain the peaches or you'll lose moisture. Spread them in an even layer with a spoon or spatula. Checkpoint: You should see peach slices and their liquid covering the bottom of the dish.
Sprinkle the dry cake mix: Take the entire box of dry yellow cake mix (don't add eggs, oil, or water). Sprinkle it evenly over the peaches, starting from one corner and working across. Use all the mix. Try to cover all the peaches, but small gaps are fine—the syrup will bubble through. Important: Do NOT stir or mix the cake mix with the peaches. It looks wrong; this is correct. Checkpoint: The top should look mostly dry and yellow-ish, like a thin blanket of flour.
Add butter: Take the 1/2 cup (1 stick) cold or room-temperature butter and slice it into thin pats (about the size of your fingernail). Distribute these pats evenly across the entire top surface. Try to space them so no area is bare. The butter will melt and soak through the cake mix as it bakes. Checkpoint: You should see butter pieces scattered across the yellow cake mix layer.
Add spices and extract: Sprinkle 1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon evenly over the top. Repeat with 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg. Add a pinch of salt. Pour 1/4 teaspoon almond extract over the top by dipping a measuring spoon in the bottle and letting it drizzle across. Don't worry about perfectly even distribution—a few drizzles mixed with the spices is enough. Checkpoint: You should smell warm spices and see brown speckles across the yellow topping.
Add nuts (optional): If using nuts, sprinkle 1/2 cup chopped pecans or walnuts evenly over the top. This adds crunch and richness but is completely optional.
Bake: Place the baking dish in the preheated 350°F oven on the center rack. Set a timer for 50 minutes. Do not cover with foil.
Check at 50 minutes: After 50 minutes, look at the cake. The top should be light golden brown and starting to pull away slightly from the edges. The edges should bubble a little with dark golden liquid showing through gaps. If the top is still pale yellow, bake another 5–10 minutes.
Remove from oven: The cake is done when the top is golden brown and you see bubbling around the edges. The center may look slightly underbaked, and that's perfect—the residual heat will set it. Use oven mitts and place the hot dish on a trivet or towel (the dish will be very hot).
Cool before serving: Let the cake sit at room temperature for 10–15 minutes. This allows the filling to set slightly so it won't be too runny when you scoop. If you can wait, let it cool for 20–30 minutes for a sturdier texture. Checkpoint: The cake should look set but still slightly jiggly in the center, and you should see peach syrup bubbling at the edges—this is perfect.
Serve: Scoop into bowls or onto plates. Serve warm or at room temperature with vanilla ice cream, whipped cream, or on its own. The cake will hold its shape better if it's completely cooled.